<![CDATA[Binary Unified Theory Log]]>https://log.binaryunifiedtheory.comhttps://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qziw!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3017d2ad-ad52-4941-9b08-f6c0c94a46cc_310x310.pngBinary Unified Theory Loghttps://log.binaryunifiedtheory.comSubstackWed, 05 Aug 2026 15:19:02 GMT<![CDATA[The simulator found something strange]]>https://log.binaryunifiedtheory.com/p/the-simulator-found-something-strangehttps://log.binaryunifiedtheory.com/p/the-simulator-found-something-strangeMon, 20 Jul 2026 21:12:22 GMTIf you read the first post here, you know where Binary Unified Theory started: two particles, posons and negons, always moving at the speed of light, bound to each other by one simple force. Since then most of the work has been building the machine to actually watch what a swarm of them does - not just a handful, but tens and hundreds of thousands at once, running on real hardware, for real hours at a time.

This week that machine told me something I didn't expect.

I ran a simulation of 250,000 particles - half posons, half negons - and let it go. Nothing was pre-arranged. They start out distributed randomly inside a sphere and are simply left to interact under the theory's force law. Most of what happens next is exactly what you'd guess: the swarm disperses, chaotic, expanding, no obvious structure. That's been true in every run like this I've done.

Partway through this one, it wasn't. A single cluster of 12,472 particles - about 5% of the entire swarm - had bound itself together and stayed that way. Not a coincidence of a few nearby points; a genuine, persistent structure, and when I traced its members backward through the run, they'd started out scattered across the whole cloud like everything else, and slowly, over thousands of steps, found each other.

I wanted to see it happen again before I trusted it, so I ran a second simulation - 100,000 particles this time - with a new piece of the engine built specifically to catch exactly this kind of thing without missing it. (This Log will unpack that engineering, if you're the kind of reader who likes the how-it's-made version of an update, but it involves the words "320 gigabytes" and "no space left on device," so, stay tuned.)

This second cluster was even more striking: 14,385 particles - over 14% of the whole swarm - bound into one structure, tracked with exact, live-recorded particle identities this time, no reconstruction or approximation involved. And it didn't look like the first one. Where the 250,000-particle cluster was small, dense, and tightly packed, this one was large and diffuse, spread across most of the swarm's visible extent. Two real structures, two different shapes. I don't yet know why, and I'd rather tell you that honestly than pretend I do because the whole point of this is to understand patterns in the chaos.

You can watch both of these now, not just read about them - I built a small corner of the website specifically for this: binaryunifiedtheory.com/experiments. Each one is a short clip of the actual simulation, the real parameters it ran with, and a link through to the full analysis if you want to see exactly how a cluster like this gets identified and verified rather than just eyeballed off a screen.

To be clear about what this is and isn't: it doesn't prove the theory, and it doesn't resolve any of the open problems I've written about elsewhere (an honest one is still sitting there - why the force law these particles obey doesn't naturally reproduce the inverse-square law we actually observe in gravity and electromagnetism). What it is: real evidence that this particular rule set, just left alone, spontaneously produces stable, bound structure out of chaos - more than once, at more than one scale. That's not nothing, and it's the kind of result I only get to show you because the simulator got fast enough and honest enough to catch it.

More runs are going right now as I write this. If one of them turns up something else worth showing you, you'll be the first to know.

Thanks for reading.

]]><![CDATA[The Original Brain Dump]]>https://log.binaryunifiedtheory.com/p/the-original-brain-dumphttps://log.binaryunifiedtheory.com/p/the-original-brain-dumpWed, 01 Jul 2026 14:28:37 GMTJanuary 8, 2023, was the day I first conceived the idea for my Grand Unified Theory of Everything. I was out on the patio, enjoying a beautiful sunny day with my family, when the realisation finally hit me. I had been revisiting Relativity and quantum mechanics over the previous year, looking for a solution to a paradox that had bothered me since high school almost twenty years prior: the wave-particle duality of light. I suddenly imagined a binary star system hurtling through space. As the stars orbited one another, their paths traced perfect continuous waves at the speed of light. Except they weren’t stars. They were two fundamental particles, attracted by their opposing charges, perfectly canceling each other out at a macroscopic level and each carrying exactly half the mass of the single photon they formed.

Ian Donaldson’s hand written notes from January 8th 2023 with the first proposal of a positive Poson and negative Negon to comprise a Photon and all other particles in the Standard Model. Years later the theory would be titled Binary Unified Theory.
Ian Donaldson’s hand written notes from January 8th 2023 with the first proposal of a positive Poson and negative Negon to comprise a Photon and all other particles in the Standard Model. Years later the theory would be titled Binary Unified Theory.

From there, the constant speed of light became the constant speed of the binary particles and the striking parallels of Lorentz factors to Pythagoras started to form an idea about the mechanical foundations of Einstein’s Relativity. Everything Einstein proposed about light and an observer’s frame of reference remained unchanged, and the realisation that matter could be composed of these same two binary particles to explain the easy interchange of light to matter and matter to light in nuclear reactions gave a new practical meaning to E=mc2. The impossibility of infinity became the foundation for the proposed “size” of zero for the binary charges. If they travel at the speed of light and have exactly zero diameter, the force between particles is fractal in nature and makes actual collisions impossible and always conserving energy, mass, momentum and matter. All energy transformations stem from the form taken by the binary particles.

It took more than two years to piece together the important aspects and I didn’t realise the Unified Theory ramifications until I discovered the mathematical foundations of Dipole Forces as the derivative of the component Monopole forces. Gravity has been predicted to be an emergent force for some time due to the lack of evidence for Quantum Gravity and Binary Unified Theory also predicts that this is the case. The page below is no longer an accurate representation of the theory I now call Binary Unified Theory (BUT), but it is a page for my personal archives that might interest others.

Now that I have built an online particular simulator that I recently refactored into a Swift App using Mac’s Metal API for performance, and observed simulations that support the emergence of stable matter from a single unified force F=mc2/r, I am working on getting this work peer reviewed and published. I uploaded a pre-print paper on PhilPapers that is the best and most thorough account of the Binary Unified Theory, which improved upon the much more readable but simplistic and rambling eBook I published on Amazon Kindle. I hope to re-write it when I can for a better reading experience. For now, I am working to submit a paper to a Nonlinear Science Journal called Chaos, Solitons & Fractals for peer review.

A stable neutral particle composed of only binary point charge Posons and Negons travelling continuously at the speed of light and bound by only one force F=mc2/r. Modelled using Ian Donaldson’s BUT Simulator Mac App with GPU Acceleration by the Metal API.
A stable neutral particle composed of only binary point charge Posons and Negons travelling continuously at the speed of light and bound by only one force F=mc2/r. Modelled using Ian Donaldson’s BUT Simulator Mac App with GPU Acceleration by the Metal API.

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